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The Harry S. Truman Reservoir (also known as Truman Lake) is located in the state of Missouri, United States. It is located between Clinton and Warsaw, on the Osage River and extends south to Osceola. The dam is located in Benton County, but the reservoir also extends into parts of Henry, St. Clair, and Hickory counties.

History[edit]

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers built and manages the lake and dam. It is used primarily for flood control. It is also used for power generation, recreation, and wildlife management.

Originally named Kaysinger Bluff Dam and Reservoir in 1954, when construction was authorized, construction began in August 1964. It was renamed the Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir, in honor of the former president from Missouri, by Congress in 1970. Construction was completed in 1979. The Kaysinger name refers to the bluff immediately north next to where the dam was eventually constructed. The bluff or cliff, a popular landmark even before the dam, overlooked the confluence of the South Grand River, Tebo Creek and the Osage River. The visitor center now sits on the bluff.

Completing the Truman Project took many years of planning, land acquisition, constructing new bridges and demolishing old ones. Several roads, towns, and cemeteries had to be relocated. The first construction project completed on the project was relocating Route 13 so it would be above maximum pool level.

The creation of the lake forced the closure of the Frisco Railroad's 'Highline'. Rising water levels severed the railroad tracks near Osceola and Deepwater and railroad officials declined to spend millions of dollars to reroute the lightly used tracks. The Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad, however, did relocate its main line between La Due and Clinton; the project included five miles of new track and a causeway/bridge combination over the lake.

Harry S. Truman Regional Visitor Center[edit]

The Harry S. Truman Regional Visitor Center contains exhibits about the cultural and natural history of Truman Lake, environmental activities, the construction of the dam, the operation of the powerhouse, and the US Army Corps of Engineers. A 67-seat theater shows wildlife, history and water safety videos by request. The observation deck offers views of Truman Lake and part of the Lake of the Ozarks, as well as the dam.

Harry S. Truman State Park[edit]

Harry S. Truman State Park is located in Benton County, Missouri on a peninsula that juts out into the reservoir.

Weaubleau-Osceola structure[edit]

The south-west portion of the lake makes up part of the circumference of the Weaubleau-Osceola structure, a 330-335 million year old impact crater.^[3]

Harry S. Truman Dam[edit]

Slot Limit On Truman Lake Map

References[edit]

1. ^Corps of Engineers 'what we do' pageArchived 2010-04-01 at the Wayback Machine
2. ^ ^abcd'Learn About the Lake'. Army Corps of Engineers, Kansas City District. Retrieved 9 February 2016.
3. ^Miller, J.F., Evans, K.R., Rovey, C.W., II, Ausich, W.L., Bolyard, S.E., Davis, G.H., Ethington, R.L., Sandberg, C.A., Thompson, T.L., and Waters, J.A., 'Mixed-age echinoderms, conodonts, and other fossils used to date a meteorite impact, and implications for missing strata in the type Osagean (Mississippian) in Missouri, USA'. Echinoderm Paleobiology, 2008, 53p.

• This article incorporates public domain material from the United States Army Corps of Engineers document 'The Harry S. Truman Dam and Reservoir'.

External links[edit]

A protected slot limit is a tool used by fisheries managers to regulate the size of fish that can legally be harvested from particular bodies of water. Usually set by state fish and game departments, the protected slot limit prohibits the harvest of fish where the lengths, measured from the snout to the end of the tail, fall within the protected interval.^[1] For example, on a body of water where there is a protected slot limit on largemouth bass between 12 and 16 inches, largemouth between 12 inches and 16 inches may not be harvested.^[2] In this example largemouth bass less than 12 inches and greater than 16 inches may be removed from the water and kept for personal use in accordance with local fishing regulations.

Slot limits are based on the principle that bass populations exhibit different habitat requirements during different phases of their life histories. Slot limits focus on protecting one segment of the life history which can influence overall fishing success.^[3]

A minimum landing size is a similar regulation in other areas.

• 4Mode of action

Purpose[edit]

Generally, the purpose behind the implementation of protected slot limits is to improve the angling opportunities in a particular body or bodies of water. Protected slot limits are most often used to regulate the harvest from waters where natural reproduction of the concerned fish species occurs. The protected slot limit is set in such a way that it protects the size of those fish deemed most important to the species spawning success in that fishery. With the size of the most sexually productive fish protected from harvest it is likely that an increased number will spawn during a given year and hence lead to more naturally produced individuals. The effort to increase the number of fish through natural reproduction mitigates the need for artificial stocking of a species to provide for a viable recreational fishery.

In addition to improving natural reproduction success the protected slot limit can also serve to improve the average catchable size of a protected species. This is of particular concern in recreational fisheries where the practice of catch and release is not prevalent. The slot limit protects those fish that evade harvest until their size exceeds that of the lower end of the protected slot. They are then protected from harvest until they exceed the maximum size within the protected slot. Fish within this size range are protected from harvest during the time when their size would make them desirable by anglers. In such a scenario the protection of large numbers of medium-sized fish translates into a higher success rate of those that exceed the slot limit.^[4] Hence, the protected slot limit increases the amount of fish that reach the large sizes sought by sport anglers. Of course, this model assumes that the lake or stream in question contains a forage base suitable to support fish of this size.

Challenges[edit]

The issue of protected slot limits, in some cases, is marked in controversy. The protected slot limit and the angler’s desire to harvest fish can be in conflict. The main challenge lies in the economic, ecological, and social factors that fisheries managers must consider when implementing harvest regulations such as protected slot limits. Take, for example, the situation involving Lake Mille Lacs in central Minnesota. Anglers spend millions of dollars and travel countless miles to fish for Lake Mille Lacs walleye (Sander vitreus) which is highly sought after for its table fare as well as its sporting qualities. In the case of Lake Mille Lacs there has long been a protected slot limit for walleye. In 2002, the slot limit was from 20 inches to 28 inches. At the time, state fishing regulations stated that on Lake Mille Lacs an angler could keep 4 walleyes with only 1 walleye over 28 inches allowed, and all walleyes within the protected slot limit of 20 to 28 inches must be immediately released. The protected slot limit worked so well, in a sense, that anglers soon found it difficult to catch harvestable sizes of walleye and they were catching an overabundance of slot-sized fish. Many anglers have become frustrated by the lack of “eater” sized walleye. The intense protection of this size class of fish caused a sharp decline in the natural available forage base for walleyes.^[5] The result was a large number of unhealthy and underweight slot sized walleyes in the fishery. This case does represent an exception to the outcomes common to the implementation of protected slot limits. However, it does illustrate the objectives fisheries managers must consider when devising protected slot limits. Managers must balance the health of the fishery, trophy fish potential, and desired angler harvest.

Ways to protect fish populations[edit]

When an angler is fishing, he or she must measure the fish caught to make sure it meets the state's wildlife and fisheries requirements. Every state has their own limits for fish that are native to their ecosystems. If the fish meets the requirements then the angler is allowed to keep the fish, but can only keep a certain amount of fish of that species. Besides a slot limit there are other ways and limits that officials can use to protect a fish population.

1. Minimum size limits- important when higher levels of reproduction are required.^[3]
2. Creel Limits- used to prevent the harvest of too many fish at once, allowing more fish to reach larger sizes.^[3]Guist Creek Lake is an example of a lake that has decided that a creel limit was necessary for there native fish species.
3. Closed Seasons- used to help protect fish during their spawning seasons. If a given area puts a closed season into action an angler is not allowed to fish this area during specified times of the year.

Mode of action[edit]

Before a slot limit can be put into action, four things must be taken into consideration in order to make sure no harm is done to the ecosystem:

Growth rate[edit]

Growth rate can be defined as how long it takes for a fish to reach a given size. Even though growth rate differs from lake to lake, an average largemouth bass can grow up to 3 pounds in less than three years, which is considered rapid growth.^[6]

Slot Limit On Truman Lake Camping

Recruitment[edit]

Recruitment is defined as the number of young fish that live to adulthood. Lakes with 20 to 40% coverage of aquatic plants usually have high bass recruitment, whereas lakes with little shoreline cover often have low to intermediate recruitment.^[6]If a lake has a high recruitment, this is a good situation for a state to use the slot limit because it will help control the number of small fish in a population. When the recruitment is low, this is where a state would use the minimum-size limit to control the fish population.^[6]

Mortality[edit]

Mortality rate is the percent of fish in a given lake that die. To find the true mortality rate of a lake, officials must divide the number of fish harvested plus fish killed from hooks, then divide that number by the number of fish that die each year.

Slot Limit On Truman Lake Resort

Finally[edit]

After the growth rate, recruitment rate, and mortality rate have been determined, if all three factors are met, the correct measurements must be chosen to insure that no harm is done to the surrounding ecosystem. If a slot limit is used correctly, not only will the a fish population benefit from this; but the surrounding ecosystem potentially could gain some benefits from a slot limit.

Benefits[edit]

Slot limits can be very beneficial to fish species along with their ecosystem. One benefit from slot limits is that it reduces the amount of competitive pressure between fish the same size. Not only will it reduce competition, but it will also result in a healthier fish population since the slot limit doesn't allow anglers to keep fish that produce the most eggs during their spawning season. Since the fish are healthier and larger, this will bring more jobs and tourists to a town, which will result in the city's revenue to rise.

Example of a slot limit[edit]

The Lake Fork Reservoir in Texas is known for its largemouth bass. A slot limit was introduced in the early 1900s in hopes of bettering the chances of catching a trophy bass. The regulations are:^[7]

1. Largemouth bass are subject to a 16- to 24-inch slot limit.
2. Bass 16 inches and shorter and 24 inches and longer can be harvest.
3. daily bag limit of 5 fish
4. 1 fish can be 24 inches or greater.

References[edit]

1. ^Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. “Minnesota Fishing Regulations 2011.” 2011. Print.
2. ^“Connecticut’s Bass Management Lakes”. PDF. Accessed 9/25/2011. URL: http://www.cr.gov/dep/lib/dep/fishing/freshwater/bassbroc.pdf^{[permanent dead link]}
3. ^ ^abc'Louisiana Fisheries - Fact Sheets'. Lsu.edu. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
4. ^Pierce, Rodney. Tomcko, Cynthia. “Initial Effects of Slot Length Limits for Northern Pike in Five North-Central Minnesota Lakes.” 1997. Online report. PDF. Accessed 9/25/2011. URL: http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/publications/fisheries/investigational_reports/454.pdf
5. ^Sternberg, Dick. “The Mille Lacs Fish Management Plan: Threat to Minnesota’s Premier Walleye Fishery”. 2002. PDF. Accessed 9/25/2011. URL: http://www.perm.org/pdfs/TreatyManagement.pdf
6. ^ ^abc'Managing Bass Fisheries with Size Limits | The Ultimate Bass Fishing Resource Guide LLC'. Bassresource.com. Retrieved 2011-12-02.
7. ^Richie White. 'Lake Fork Bag Limits'. Bassfishing.org. Archived from the original on 2011-11-28. Retrieved 2011-12-04.